This scramsax knife was different from other knives; it had a unique length and single cutting edge. Thus, the seax is primarily associated with the Franks. The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. Posted on by MimirsBrunnr. Made from iron, Anglo-Saxon swords were approximately 5 cm to 6.5 cm in width, and 85 cm to 100 cm in length. As a result, swords were expensive and very prestigious. It was a brutal era where prowess in warfare was a key part of both successful government and social mobility. [2] According to historian Guy Halsall, the "deposition of grave-goods was a ritual act, wherein weaponry could symbolise age, ethnicity or rank; at various times and places a token weapon might be used to illustrate such concepts. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Due to the fact that arrowheads varied in size from 5.5cm (2 inches) to 15.5cm (6 inches),[77] there is some degree of difficulty in distinguishing between the heads of large arrows and small javelins. There is some evidence of spears (called angons) being created especially for this purpose. Spears, used for piercing and throwing, were the most common weapon. [75] Underwood suggested that the maximum shooting distance of an Anglo-Saxon bow would have been about 150 to 200 metres (500 to 650 feet). [50] Early forms of the seax are common in fifth-century Frankish graves, and evidently it was not until later that they gained popularity in England. The beads may have been used for amuletic purposeslater Icelandic sagas reference swords with "healing stones" attached, and these stones may be the same as Anglo-Saxon beads. Both Anglo-Saxons and Normans used swords at the Battle of Hastings. It was used to improve grip, to stop the sword slipping out of a warrior's hand. [57] The seax was kept in a leather sheath, the sheaths themselves sometimes being decorated with embossed designs and silver or bronze fittings. [24], When used in hand-to-hand combat, a spear could be held either under-arm or over-armthe former method is depicted on the eighth-century Franks Casket, while the latter method is depicted on the eleventh-century Bayeux Tapestry. The twisted iron created a decorative pattern which can be seen in the centre of some Anglo-Saxon swords (like in the picture below). [111] All the helmets which have been found are substantially different from the others in their construction and ornamentation. Spears, used for piercing and throwing, were the most common weapon. [29] Anglo-Saxon swords comprised two-edged straight, flat blades. Christians did not bury people with swords. Closed. However, he also noted that the power of the arrow would have been greatly diminished beyond 100 to 120 metres (325 to 400 feet), and it only would have caused relatively minor wounds. The type is . In a non-funerary context, weapons were occasionally deposited in the ground or near rivers. Anglo Saxon sword hand-forged sword. Around forty bow staves and various arrows were uncovered at Nydam Mose in Denmark, dating to the third or fourth century CE. Not all spears were the same though, and the evidence shows a variety of different uses. Hitler vs Stalin: The Battle for Stalingrad, The 10 Shortest Reigns in English History. On weekdays, the estate walks (including the Royal Burial Ground and viewing tower) are open with a car park machine in operation. Museum, The British. [85] Furthermore, he proposed that the event recorded in Wilfrid's hagiography may not be an accurate account, but rather a reflection of the writer's desire to draw Biblical parallels. . [119] The frame comprises seven pieces of iron, and the helmet is crested with a bronze boar figurethe figure is decorated with garnet eyes mounted in beaded gold, along with gilded, inlayed tusks and ears. [113] The helmet's bowl comprises one piece of metal, and attached to it are cheek pieces, a metal neck guard, and a face mask. [73] Given that neither bow staves or arrows were likely to survive in the soils of England (both being made of wood), it is likely that they were interred as grave goods more often than it appears. RF R0J0ED - A display of early medieval Anglo Saxon weapons and armour. The hilt (the swords handle) was protected by two guards (one above the hand, and one below). Image Credit: York Museums Trust / Commons. [93] The other type is the tall cone boss, which was commonly used from the seventh century onward. [29] The tang of the blade was covered by a hilt, which consisted of an upper and lower guard, a pommel, and a grip by which the sword was held. [97] In contrast, larger shields were most commonly used in full-scale battlesthey would have provided better protection from projectiles and were needed to construct a shield wall.[97]. [42] These rings sometimes served a practical purposefor example, a soldier could tie a cord to the ring and subsequently hang the sword from their wrist. The names of the owner and maker were often added too. However, mail was less effective at preventing spear injuriesthe concentrated force of spears could break a few links and allow the spear to enter the body, sometimes causing the rings to enter with it. In the east, the Dane axe had a new lease of life which lasted for at least another century. [67], There is little evidence for the use of slings as weaponrythey were normally depicted as a hunting tool. [97] Pollington theorized that the shield was "perhaps the most culturally significant piece of defensive equipment" in Anglo-Saxon England, for the shield-wall would have symbolically represented the separation between the two sides on the battlefield. guards, and [53], Six main types of Anglo-Saxon knife have been identified, based on blade shapes. Many of the pommels are worn on one side, and this indicates that when the weapons were worn high up on the chest in scabbards attached to shoulder-slung leather baldrics, the warriors tended to rest their hands on the pommels. [83] The Vita Sancti Wilfrithi (an eighth-century hagiography of Saint Wilfrid) records an event in which the saint and his companions were attacked by pagans when their ship ran aground. All of these types of spear, used en-masse within an infantry shield-wall, were highly effective weapons. Due to the frequent inclusion of weapons as grave goods in the early Anglo-Saxon period, a great deal of archaeological evidence exists for Anglo-Saxon weaponry. [74] From such continental evidence, it has been asserted that long bows were common in Northwestern Europe during the early medieval period. [9] In Old English and other Germanic languages, which were spoken across much of Northwestern Europe, tribal groups often had names that appear to be based upon the names of weapons; for instance, the Angles may have taken their name from the Old English term angul (meaning "barbed" or "hook"), the Franks from the word franca ("spear," or possibly "axe"), and the Saxons from seax ("knife"). [121] At the two helmet crests, there are Latin inscriptions praising the Christian Trinity. Cold Steel Swords - Katanas, Tantos, Broadswords and Chinese Swords are real battle . [18] In the Anglo-Saxon period steel was very difficult to make and not very good. The mystery of the lone archer and the lack of English bowmen in 1066 seems set to continue. The video and its description text are provided by Youtube. [105] Mail also rusted easily, and had to be maintained as a result. The larger spears were called sc (Ash) and had a wide leaf-shaped blade. Although most of the designs were fairly similar, a few historians believe that there were two distinct types of Anglo-Saxon swords. [102] Following construction, the coat was case hardened by being packed in charcoal and subsequently reheated, so that some carbon could transfer to the metal's outer face. However, the establishment of a literate Christian clergy in Anglo-Saxon England resulted in the production of several textual sources that describe weapons and their use in battle. Most Anglo-Saxons probably knew how to use a bow and arrow for hunting, but there is little evidence that they used them regularly on the battlefield. The. The helmet itself bears similarity to helmets found at Vendel and Valsgrde in Sweden, leading to speculation that it was made in Sweden or by a Swedish craftsman who lived in England. This might indicate that the Anglo-Saxons celebrated experience. Image Credit: BabelStone / Commons. Most Anglo-Saxon adults carried a knife (called a seax or a scramsax). Later types of the Viking period had a point of balance further towards the hilt and were easier to parry with. Below the grip, there were guards to protect the hand. Tower. Article Swords in Ancient Chinese Warfare In 1066 C.E., however, the Anglo-Saxons were defeated by the Normans led by William the Conqueror, . There are examples of similar beads from Iron Age Germanic regions of continental Europe, and it is likely that they were adopted from the Huns during the fifth century. Although the Anglo Saxons fought mostly with spears, the most notable warriors or the leading noblemen wielded richly decorated swords. A sword pommel is the small (in this case only 4.5cm x 1.5cm) decorative knob at the top of the handle. The Sword. Therefore they were relatively expensive and not that common. This is also known as a blood groove and was supposed to make it easier to pull the blade out of a victim! They were long-hafted and much prized. They'd made three trips to the site, with their equipment initially . The blades were made from iron and usually measured between 85 cm and 95 cm in length, and about 5 cm in width. Many different weapons were created and used in Anglo-Saxon England between the fifth and eleventh centuries. Spears were the weapons most commonly used by Anglo-Saxon soldiers. [31] Larger examples have been found, with some reaching up to 100cm (40in) in length and 6.5cm in width. Click on the picture above to take a closer look at: the decoration on the hilt, 10 oz. This defensive use of the shield is how we often imagine shields being used, that is to block and defend against incoming attacks. [48], In Old English, the term for knife was seax. These pieces of evidence suggest that some Anglo-Saxon shields may have been painted. The Anglo-Saxons came from Jutland in Denmark, Northern Germany, the Netherlands, and Friesland, and subjugated the Romanized Britons. [125], Artistic elements of Anglo-Saxon weapons are greatly similar to weapon art found in other parts of northern Europe and Scandinavia, indicating that these regions were in continual contact with one another. Although the Ancient Chinese, Greeks, and Romans all knew how to manufacture crossbows, they werent introduced to England until the Norman invasion. [16] The end of the spear was sometimes protected with an iron ferrule, forming a hollow (or, less commonly, solid) cone which fitted over the shaft. A pommel was located at the end of the sword, and this was often highly decorated. It is believed that Anglo-Saxon soldiers used their swords for hacking and slashing at their enemies rather than thrusting. Such formations were also known as scyldburh ("shield-fortress"), bordweal ("board-wall"), and wihagan ("war-hedge"). There is no evidence of the Anglo-Saxons using catapults, trebuchets, or other siege weapons. [14] In Old English, they were most commonly termed gr and spere, although some texts contain more poetic names, such as sc ("[item made of] ash wood"), ord ("point"), and recwudu ("[thing of] wood for harming"). [77] As for bodkins, he proposed that they were designed for use against armoured opponentsthe long tapering point would pass through the chain links of mail or puncture the iron plate of a helmet if shot at close range. Finally, the rings were joined together and closed using welding and riveting. Other commonplace weapons included the sword, axe, and knifehowever, bows and arrows, as well as slings, were not frequently used by the Anglo-Saxons. The length of Anglo Saxon swords was 37 inches and they were heavy enough to serve as effective cutting and slashing weapons. [77] Underwood suggested that the leaf-shaped and barbed arrowheads developed from arrows that were used for hunting. [69] As for hunting, however, the Bayeux Tapestry depicts a man hunting birds using a sling. [85], The shield was another extremely common piece of war equipment used by the Anglo-Saxonsnearly 25% of male Anglo-Saxon graves contain shields. Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout, Merlot II, OER Commons and School Library Journal. Manufacturer: : Medieval Craftsman Product SKU: hm5 sale Price 160,00 c' stock Notify Me Ask a question about this product Battle-ready Swords Tweet This Category Roman sword combat 190,00 Product Details Quick View One-handed sword, battle-ready 250,00 [15] When used as a throwing-spear or javelin, they were typically called a daro ("dart"). We do not know how often swords were used by the Anglo-Saxons, but they were certainly used during battles and skirmishs. Who would have worn and used these swords? [87] Smaller shields were lighter and easier to manoeuver, and therefore were best used in minor skirmishes and hand-to-hand combat. The smith would then chisel any individual circuits off the rod, reheat it, and anneal it. [4], Artistic depictions of soldiers bearing weapons can also be found in some Anglo-Saxon sculpture. Oaths of fealty and maybe even marriage vows were sworn on the sword, probably to invoke the power of the sword-god Tiw, who protected the sanctity of oaths. Share resource. The Anglo-Saxons were migrants from northern Europe who settled in England in the fifth and sixth centuries. He concludes that they may well have been used by hunters, suggesting that in time they evolved from a symbol of "the hunting man" to "the mark of a freeman. At first the sword was two-edged and had no cross-guard. Its decoration includes a hilt comprising a beautiful gold and cloisonn garnet pommel and gold cross guard. The blades tapered but slightly and had somewhat rounded points - a weapon used for hacking and slicing, not piercing. [33][37] Therefore, Pollington stated that the decoration produced by pattern-welding was important and desired in Anglo-Saxon society. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2023) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. Steel, which is a mixture of iron and carbon, makes a better and sharper sword than iron. It came in long and short forms, the shorter of which are referred to in the heriots (a death-duty which lists military gear due to a Lord) as handseaxes. Other commonplace weapons included the sword, axe, and knifehowever, bows and arrows, as well as slings, were not frequently used by the Anglo-Saxons. [105] It is possible that most helmets were made of boiled leather and therefore did not physically survive. Anglo-Saxon warriors sometimes named their swords. [62], In Old English, the Axe was referred to as an ces, from which the Modern English word derives. A set of spears, a sword decorated with a gold and garnet cloisonn pommel, and a rare helmet all show that the Anglo-Saxons were proud warriors. Little effort appears to have been made by Anglo-Saxon warriors to hide their swords signs of wear and tear. Runic characters and inscriptions have been found on the pommels of Anglo-Saxon swords. [31], Rather than being able to melt the iron ore into a complete billet, the furnaces of the period were only able to produce small pieces of iron, which were subsequently forge welded into a single blade. [85] Underwood suggests that except for use as a last resort, the sling was not regarded as a weapon of war. [98] It is frequently referred to in late Anglo-Saxon literature, but few examples have been found archaeologically. This website requires Javascript. Anglo-Saxon spears were also used during hand-to-hand fighting. It was he who also determined that inscriptions in sword blades were created by the insertion of narrow iron rods into the white-hot blade. For example, the Bayeux Tapestry only depicts the use of belts for sword carrying. The High Hall exhibition, Tranmer House, gift shop, caf and second-hand bookshop are open at weekends only. [1] Some swords have been found with interlock ring decorations attached to the pommels. Decorated sword pommel from the Bedale Hoard. Swords, Seaxes and Saxons. Although they were mostly used around the home and when hunting, larger examples would probably have been used on the battlefield too. In this account, one of the Vikings threw a javelin at Byrhtnoth; the earl partially deflected it with his shield, but he was nevertheless wounded. RM DBAN1H - Anglo Saxon soldiers weapon at a historical reenactment. The Anglo-Saxons used a plain bow, made of a single material, in . A story of bloodshed, tribal rivalries and a warrior class obsessed with and defined by the battlefield has emerged from the discovery of a burial site at Bamburgh Castle. Find out more about Viking weapons and what happened when the Saxons met the Vikings. These types appear in abundance on the Bayeux Tapestry, mainly in the hands of well armoured men on the English side, although there is one which is being transported by the Normans to the battlefield and another in the hands of the Duke of Normandy himself. [94] Iron or bronze rivets were then used to attach the boss to the shield; four or five rivets were most commonly used, although as many as twelve were used in some instances. This is believed to show how important swords were to their owners. [125] Archaeologists have discovered some Anglo-Saxon smith's toolsa set of tools from the seventh century, which included an anvil, hammers, tongs, a file, shears, and punches, was discovered in a grave at Tattershall Thorpe in Lincolnshire. [76], Anglo-Saxon arrowheads have been divided into three main types. This term applied to single-edged knives that had a blade length of 8 and 31cm (3 and 12in), and to the "long-seax" (or single-edged swords) which had a blade length of 54 to 76cm (21 to 30in). In the early period, the types of axes employed were sidearms as opposed to main weapons. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Overall length: 34.5" Blade length: 29.2" Blade width: 2.2" Guard Width: 3.5" Grip Length: 3.4" Balance point: 5.8" Weight: 2.1 lbs This reproduction is based on an Anglo-Saxon sword fro USD USDCADGBPAUDEURJPY Home Shop Products> In Stock Our Entire Line Swords All Swords One Handed Swords Longswords Two Handed Swords Rapiers In the Anglo-Saxon period steel was very difficult to make and not very good. The Anglo-Saxons were a group of farmer-warriors who lived in Britain over a thousand years ago. It has a double-edged, fullered blade and a trilobate pommel with traces of inlaid . [6] However, questions have been raised as to how representative these items, specifically deposited with a purpose, are of the wider array of weapons used in Anglo-Saxon life. [46], The sword and scabbard were suspended from either a baldric on the shoulder or from a belt on the waist. Most historians agree that, during the Anglo-Saxon period, slings werent used as weapons. [90], Old English poetry always states that shields were made of lime (linden-wood), but few actual examples have been found by archaeologists. Anglo-Saxon soldiers often threw their spears at their enemies. "[18], Pollington describes the sword as "the most symbolically important weapon" of the Anglo-Saxon period,[29] and historian Guy Halsall referred to it as "the most treasured item of early medieval military equipment. These were sometimes inscribed on the hilt or the swords blade. A well-used weapon was likely to be wielded by a battle-tested warrior. They were buried on or near their owner, sometimes even cradled, giving an indication that they were integral to that person's identity. The principle weapon of the Anglo-Saxons was the spear. Paul Hill has been writing history books about Anglo-Saxon, Viking and Norman warfare for eighteen years. Cutting edges were then attached. They could be as long as other swords and possibly had similiar fittings on the hilt (for example a pommel and guards). Made up of three tribes who came over from Europe, they were called the Angle, Saxon, and Jute tribes. He is unarmoured and seemingly smaller than the mail-clad warriors around him and he creeps out from the English shield wall. ISBN: Author: Richard Underwood Format: PDF, ePub, Docs Category: Anglo-Saxons Access Book Description A survey describing the weapons and equipment of the Anglo-Saxon warrior during the three-and-a-half centuries from the end of Roman Britain to the arrival of the Vikings (AD 450-800). Get time period newsletters, special offers and weekly programme release emails. These included weapons like spears, knives, javelins, swords, bows & arrows, and even slings. Learn more about Anglo-Saxon weapons or visit our Anglo-Saxon resources page. "Early Anglo-Saxon Swords." Where there different types of Anglo-Saxon swords? [12] In most cases, it is not possible to identify for which of these two purposes a spear was specifically designed for. The spear is often overlooked in Anglo-Saxon warfare, and yet it was the most commonly employed weapon on the battlefield. Anglo-Saxon swords typically had short guards and richly-decorated pommels. [25], Spears may have also had symbolic associations. Some of these literary sources include the poems Beowulf and The Battle of Maldon. They carried spears, axes, swords, and bows and arrows. Original video by The British Museum. In many ways, the Saxon Sword paralleled the design of the Viking sword, possessing similar features. Seaxe of Beagnoth from the British Museum. In other cases, however, ring knobs were used and it was impossible to hang the sword in this manner. [126] For instance, the ring-sword was evidently created in Kent in the mid-500s, but by the seventh century it had become widespread across Europe, being used by Germanic-speaking peoples as well as in Finland and the Kingdom of the Lombards. The axemen were not exactly killed off by the advent of the Normans in England, either. These early forms were almost parallel sided and point-heavy double-edged weapons designed for overhead slashing. They were worth a fortune and often highly decorated around the hilt and guard areas. Definition Vortigern Vortigern was a 5th-century British ruler best known for inviting. The Anglo-Saxon period of British history extends from the 5th century to the Norman invasion in 1066. [70] However, it again entered into use in the eighth and ninth centuries, upon its adoption by the Vikings. The Germanic tribes who settled in Britain from the 5th century onward, commonly known as the Anglo-Saxons, were a bellicose people. They might have been based on the pilim javelins used by soldiers in the Roman army. [24] The Battle of Maldon poem describes the use of javelin spears in a fight between Earl Byrhtnoth's forces and a group of Vikings. Manage Settings [99] A completely intact coat of mail from the fourth or fifth century, similar to those that probably were used in Anglo-Saxon England, was found in Vimose, Denmark,[99] which has been rebuilt by archaeologist Marjin Wijnhoven. [10], Literary evidence from later Anglo-Saxon England indicates that only free men were permitted to bear arms. Click on parts of the picture above to take a closer look at: the wedge shape and the blade and fuller or click HERE to see a bigger picture of the whole sword. This was the most common term for a spear and we still preserve the term today in words like garlic (spear-leek). "Modern English translation: "Henceforth spear shall be, on many cold morning,grasped in fist, lifted in hand. [67] Writing in the sixth century CE, Roman author Procopius described the use of such throwing axes by the Franks, noting that they would be hurled at the enemy prior to engaging in hand-to-hand combat. These swords are sold sharp, unless otherwise requested by the customer. [104] Mailcoats added a great deal of weight to the warrior and made mobility more difficult; therefore, wearers of mailcoats were greatly disadvantaged in skirmishes and fast-moving battle lines. Initially comprising many small groups and divided into a number of kingdoms, the Anglo-Saxons were finally joined into a single political realm - the kingdom of England - during the reign of King thelstan (924-939).. [1] They were of simple design, with a cross-guard to protect the hand and a broad two-edged blade with a shallow point. A dane-axe depicted on the Bayeux Tapestry. Bookshop. The curved upper and lower guards of this sword and the three lobed pommel with the prominent middle peak are typical features for Anglo-Saxon swords of this period. [96], As for defensive equipment, most Anglo-Saxon warriors only had access to shields. So, perhaps our lone archer on the Bayeux Tapestry requires another explanation. [21], Old English original: "Foron sceall gar wesanmonig morgenceald mindum bewundenhfan on handa. Evidence indicates that alder, willow, and poplar wood were the most common types; shields of maple, birch, ash, and oak have also been discovered. The grip was either of wood or bone and was not decorated in any way. The First Celebrities: The Emergence of Celebrity Culture in the Regency Era, How Victorian London Became Known as the Monster City, Sibling Squabbles: Royal Sibling Feuds Throughout History, Historical Trips - Uncover the Past Like Never Before, 10 Historic Sites You Should Not Miss in 2023, Commemorate the Anniversary of the D-Day Landings with Dan Snow, Hans Christian Andersen: 10 Key Fairy Tales, Why Harold Godwinson Couldnt Crush the Normans (As He Did With the Vikings), Conquest: From Hereward the Wake to Brexit. What Happened to the Qajar Dynasty of Iran? Anglo-Saxon weaponry War was a way of life to the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes who invaded and settled in Britain. [29] Pommels could be elaborately decorated with a variety of styles. So the Anglo-Saxon's used a mixture of steel and iron in their swords. Watch the video After reheating the inlaid . [4], In Old English, the primary language of Anglo-Saxon England, multiple words were often used to denote the same type of weapon. Web. "Early Anglo-Saxon Swords." Material: 54SiCr6 high carbon spring steel, hardness approx. [107] In that same year, Aethelred the Unready ordered the manufacture of helmets. However, various medieval authors used the term to refer to hand axes as well as throwing axes. [108] Evidence indicates that helmets were never common in Anglo-Saxon England,[109] although their usage may have increased by the eleventh century. [102], Mail would have greatly protected a warrior in battles by reducing the impact of enemy blows, and therefore those who wore mail had a significant advantage over opponents who did not. The boar was apparently a helmet crest, but no other helmet pieces were found there; therefore, the crest may have been detached from the helmet before being buried. [39], A few swords bore runic inscriptionsa sixth-century example found at Gilton in Kent had an inscription saying that "Sigimer Made This Sword. [106], The Old English word for helmet was helm. [45], The weight of these swords, along with descriptions of them in literature like The Battle of Maldon, indicates that they were used primarily for cutting and slashing rather than thrusting. The swords lower guard is made from gold. [64] Fragments of the wood shaft survive in only a few examples, thus causing considerable difficulty in ascertaining the overall size of the weapon. | Technical Information |. https://www.worldhistory.org/video/2266/early-anglo-saxon-swords/. World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. Copyright University of Oxford, Ashmolean Museum, 2005. The scabbard was also decorated with gold and garnets. Iron sword, double-edged, fullered, guard inlaid with silver and copper alloy, lobed pommel, the blade carries an inscription. It also has a grove near the top, known as a fuller, which made the weapon lighter. Anglo-Saxon Pendant (4024) - Darksword Armory Viking Jewelry Anglo-Saxon Pendant (4024) Dimensions: 40.9mm in Diameter x 2.3mm width (3.7mm rim edge width) Weight: 19.2 grams Material: Sterling Silver .925 From the 5 th to the 11 th centuries CE the Island of Great Britain was inhabited and ruled over by the Anglo-Saxons. [81] There are twenty-nine archers depicted on the eleventh-century Bayeux Tapestry. [13] In many Northern European societies (likely including Anglo-Saxon England), spears could only be carried by a freeman, with law codes prescribing strict punishments for any slaves discovered to possess one. World History Encyclopedia, 03 Feb 2021. Anglo-Saxon swords had straight, double-edged blades, averaging about 33 long. However, a glance at Old English poetry shows the boga (a word which means to flex or bend) in the hands of some surprisingly high ranking figures and often used en-masse. The Anglo-Saxons at War 800-1066 was published by Pen and Sword on 19 April 2012. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. shot over the shield-wall; shaft held true to task, its feather-trappings eager, arrow-head followed.. Although physical evidence of bows and arrows in Anglo-Saxon graves is very rare (because they were made of wood and easily decomposed), they are mentioned in Anglo-Saxon literature and shown in Anglo-Saxon works of art.
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