I think morendo has become a shorthand (albeit a confusing one) to indicate a slowing of tempo and a decrease in volume, rather than using rall. Generally refers to a persistently repeated rhythmic or melodic figure. Rallentando and ritadando are the same. . 0000117806 00000 n One person on this forum compared a rallentando to coasting to a stop in your car and aritardando to braking to a stop. Ritard. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'dynamicmusicroom_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_8',104,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-dynamicmusicroom_com-medrectangle-3-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'dynamicmusicroom_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_9',104,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-dynamicmusicroom_com-medrectangle-3-0_1');.medrectangle-3-multi-104{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:50px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}. %%EOF -d. Dean, where can I hear some of your music? tremolo and rit. Ritardando (or rit.) There are a whole host of terms out there for these alterations in speed of the beat, and theyre important to talk about in this article because many times, these words are followed by a tempo.. It's used most commonly to visually connect the bass and treble clef in piano music. It's usually written in the next section after you slow or speed up. at least Explorer 9, Firefox 21, Chrome, etc.). Lento A tempo together means to go back to the previous speed after you change the speed. Its like the way that ambien vs. melatonin at bedtime sedates you; one definately feels more unnatural and heavy-duty, I have been singing for years but never had formal training until recently. included more than a tempo change. 0000003530 00000 n 0000010709 00000 n i liked the article. Perfect for fitting right inside your case or music folder. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. quasi recitativo = like a recitative. 0000007031 00000 n What do you think?! kann nur allein der Gatte sein!. They both slow down gradually. Crescendo (pronounced kre-shen-do) means gradually getting louder, and is shortened to cresc. Senario 1. Allegro 0 : in a manner so as to hold a tone or chord firmly to its full valueused as a direction in music Word History Etymology borrowed from Italian, from past participle of tenere "to hold," going back to Latin tenre "to hold, possess" more at tenant entry 1 First Known Use 1762, in the meaning defined above Time Traveler Just click on the speaker icon. 0000007589 00000 n I cant base this on any evidence I can point to which I can share. Thanks for making a gray area a little shadier. Sticking close to the tempo marking is critical in this. 0000159120 00000 n 0000158880 00000 n intended. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. First used by 17th-century Italian composers, the terminology has since spread to the rest of the world. So Joy, question: How does a ritenuto then fit into the picture? Its a rolling stop, like jumping out of a moving car. a rapid repeated slight change in the pitch of a note. Please be sure to answer the question. When it is a rall., we slow down AND get heavier. Why is it so hard to learn sheet music for someone who plays by ear? Ive come across one term more than once, Molto Rallentando, that if Im not mistaken would be to greatly gradually slow down. (rall.) Hey, thanks for posting this! What do you think? I just googled rallentando vs. ritardando for a piece Im working on, and this is definitely more helpful than the other links that popped up. The point is that these indication refer more to the state of mind of the interpreter than a precise metronome change. I suspect many composers use them interchangeably, though it's a bit weird when both appear in the same song. List of dynamic markings. - Getting slower gradually Musical examples where the term 'Rallentando, rall.' is used: If a composer wishes for one type of slow down followed by another, I dont see why they shouldnt be free to do that. 0000159000 00000 n 0000000016 00000 n Its really dying away. or ' Zach has taught musicians of all ages for over 15 years and wants to keep spreading his passion for all things music. A lot of these tempo markings refer to some form of motion; I use different modes of walking and running to give my students a good idea. Rallentando indicates a less dramatic loss of movement and tension, such as coasting. choral music, music sung by a choir with two or more voices assigned to each part. A good analogy is to use a driving senario; Does it mean that a composer can use rall then goes on to insert a rit after the rall? According to the Music Dictionaries Many musical dictionaries simply state, "slowing down" as the definition for both rallentando and ritardando. ( rlntnd) adj, adv (Classical Music) music becoming slower. However, I would still like to think there is some slight difference in meaning or emphasis between the two words. Senario 2. Im still trying to unwind my brain from that one. : a second ending of a musical section performed only at the repetition of the section and with omission of the first ending. of music. 0000030947 00000 n Hi Goele. rall. 0000158417 00000 n endstream endobj 130 0 obj <>stream Interestingly, Tchaikovsky (say in Symph No 6) uses Ritenuto if the slowing down is over a few beats, Rallentando when over a few bars, and Ritardando when a much more dramtic slowing of the tempo is required. Rallentando and Morendo imply more than just a change of tempo. The terms are commonly used in conjunction with other terms, such as allegro molto (very fast) and con amore (with love). I love the nuances you mentioned between ritardando and rallentando and happen to agree. The ritardando is audible from 0:50, but a slight deceleration has already taken the tempo down from 143 to 140 bpm. HWn0@Mz=QNnm+RH$$ J|~fJd"rR,>[v\pKudr`GiN{N87lxi,jr%FTKchzUS^^[ I have been wrestling with this for some time. It featured all of his classics like Nabori, Huellas De Ti, and my favourite, Esa Es La Que Es List of tempo changes. The same lights, same approach but this time they have been on green all the way until just as you reach them they turn to red forcing you to slow with the intentions of stopping. Its like an English Lesson and an overly pretentious cover of a great song all in one! Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. 17 1. I think thats an excellent description and all I need to know. Contrary to other italian markings, dynamic markings are usually written below the staff or centered between the two staves in the grand staff. According to the Italian-English Dictionaries. K. I always thought my choirs to think of rallentando as taking your foot off the gas pedal while ritardando is like stepping on the brake. or ' staccato: play the note slightly shorter: stacc. in dem Kostm, so ganz intim, rallentando gradually getting slower. From a more established and scientific perspective, the tempo is measured in the number of beats that happen per minute. (Rall.) "in alt" is used in volcal music to refer to notes in the octave above 0000005694 00000 n And this withholding of tempo happens right away, unlike rit. Choral music ranks as one of several musical genres subject to misunderstanding because of false historical perspectives or misinterpretation caused by the confusion . (Basically Dog-people), Strange fan/light switch wiring - what in the world am I looking at, An adverb which means "doing without understanding". eg: allegro ma non troppo = quick but not too quick, eg: alla misura = in strict time; senza misura = in free time. An instruction to repeat the misc from the sign. Indicates an immediate move to the next section of music. lBz-;aVsRdCW4C&d9?*peQLVk=dIgz)v9/1Q+9lgj $AO8itNT2WL|$iwtk+FkM]^tbY/ ] N &dDEJG \P. T!ihp#LLx\7_,0?g>+R #y},Nf0d09%=>@`, ]etiC>#8SZ.o[0aaece\|.0s8f`og gK[ Nb`ndx` \ 1.Driving down a long road towards a set of traffic lights that have been on Red since you could see them. 0000005131 00000 n However, we pass on good deals for us in order to give you info on the best options out there. Tempo MarkingBeats Per MinuteMeaningLargo40-60 BPMWideAdagio66-76 BPMSlowlyAndante76-106 BPMWalkingModerato106-120 BPMModerate walkingAllegro112-124 BPMCheerful. to ml- ()t ml- : much, very used in music directions Word History Etymology Italian, from Latin multum, from neuter of multus much First Known Use circa 1786, in the meaning defined above Time Traveler The first known use of molto was circa 1786 See more words from the same year Dictionary Entries Near molto Moltke molto 0000008642 00000 n 0000118092 00000 n An instruction to string players to use the bow. Tempo Primo is a term very similar to a tempo. Music adv. hold the note for its full value (and other composers who lived in Italy at some point during their lives) no doubt perceived a difference between the two words. from the Mori, Aria and I had fun with this Pinterest project , Christmas duets with a friend today + hanging out, Had to shareheres baby Brenna wearing the an, "Starting Out" - Easy Piano Sheet Music (Grade 1) - OllysPianoSheets.com, rallentando | Exploring word of the day from Dictionary.com, Heres the thing about Gustavo Dudamel | Brian Lauritzen, 3 Reasons Why You Should Read Difficult Poems | The Golden Echo, How to Organize Your Games for Piano Lessons. Perhaps the rall. will illicit a rit. As a musician, what would you like to see in the way of tempo alteration markings in this case? Caesura. gradually until the last one or two beats. Often indicates a speed somewhere between andante and largo, eg: alla marcia = in the style of a march, Faster than Andante and usually slower than Allegro. The hairpins () are used for dynamic changes over just a few bars, while cresc. Rallentando sits on the other end of the spectrum from Morendo. My teacher (many, many years ago) suggested that ritardando was like slowing down a car with the brakes whereas rallentando was like letting the car slow down by itself, without the brakes. The list can never be complete: some terms are common, and others are used only occasionally, and new ones are coined from time to time. or Rallen.) Neither of musical term. I now think that ritenuto is the correct term for something indispensible in classic Viennese waltzes and much of the music of Johann Strauss jr.- Listen to the recording of Die Fledermaus by Clemens Krauss: The other common languages for musical terms are German and French. Ah yes, ritenuto, ritardando and rallentando. Italian composers such as Puccini, Paganini, Bellini, Busoni, Verdi etc. Gradually slackening in tempo; ritardando. is a more gradual slowing which feels comfortable and more natural/ human like. List of general terms. followed by a tempo. Ritenuto does most often appear in the middle of a piece, not because of its placement in the score, but because its where its usually most effective. the speed at the beginning of the piece of music, e.g. When youre riding in a car that brakes, you feel force and tension its just in another direction. 0000005408 00000 n %PDF-1.6 % The terms help the performer to capture the mood of a piece through variations in tempo, dynamics and articulation. Made of music videos are sometimes added to yodel: an act of htftds are written as have more gradual slowing in old french term molto rall, expected rubato to music should descend a chorus. - or ten. So both terms mean "gradually decelerating", perhaps suggesting the way you should do it. Do Men Still Wear Button Holes At Weddings? 99 75 Composers spend dozens and hundreds of hours fine-tuning a piece to reach their creative vision. : little by little : gradually used as a direction in music. The length of a ritardando is extended by a dashed, horizontal line; and, if applicable, the previous tempo may be restored with the commands tempo primo or a tempo. 0000119090 00000 n We occasionally link to goods offered by vendors to help the reader find relevant products. In the original composition of Fur . is an indication to gradually decrease the tempo of the music (opposite of accelerando).The length of a ritardando is extended by a dashed, horizontal line; and, if applicable, the previous tempo may be restored with the commands tempo primo or a tempo. 0000031571 00000 n A piece of music for three performers Triplet . What does 1st and 2nd endings mean in music? 0000003947 00000 n Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. to indicate where to end the piece after repeating. accomplish that? 0000003252 00000 n Thanks for contributing an answer to Music: Practice & Theory Stack Exchange! I did find a source online that suggested that ritenuto is generally used in the middle of a piece rather than at the end (can anyone confirm this?). staccatiss. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. How Could One Calculate the Crit Chance in 13th Age for a Monk with Ki in Anydice? An instruction to repeat the misc from the beginning. Rit and Rall still seem the same to me though! from English translation seems similar so I cannot tell the diff. For example, if you were playing a piece at a moderato tempo of 105 BPM and came up to a ritardando, you would slow down before the phrase, and then when you hit thea tempo,youd return to the 105 BPM. Ritardando A directive to perform a certain passage of a composition with a ritard the tempo, to gradually delay the tempo. Senza - Musical Definition Senza - without Musical examples where the term 'Senza' is used: Mussorgsky Promenade from Pictures at an Exhib. We also partner with CJ, ClickBank, ShareASale, and Flowkey to provide you with the best options out there. @a|;M{)'(g-yQ3L17xB+]hga{iTG{`HT:@fd0G^IX4F|dKWWNXPuz &&V Cq=lAN9 -p'=wR;I>AMAH1o'A7SR/PegI,yt;0ns&"i2s$&z\E![0a4llmCN!y=,'G2]?/LtX~!NlZG_SbN=Jto-* I%jg if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'dynamicmusicroom_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_6',108,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-dynamicmusicroom_com-large-leaderboard-2-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'dynamicmusicroom_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_7',108,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-dynamicmusicroom_com-large-leaderboard-2-0_1');.large-leaderboard-2-multi-108{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:50px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}At certain parts in music, usually right before we transition into a new tempo, we may alter the tempo by speeding up or slowing down. Perhaps holding back even more for the next two. However, we pass on good deals for us in order to give you info on the best options out there. The Definition of the Italian Music Command Accelerando. List of tempo markings. Both are ways of slowing down your vehicle, but rallentando is like allowing your car to slow down on its own, while ritardando is deliberately slowing down the car. Following your thought, its interesting to note that there are no dashes after the ritenuto. 'Senza' | Definition on FreeMusicDictionary.com Senza Recent Definition Updates Apala The word Apala refers to an African style of drumming, Oct. 29, 2019, 8:56 p.m. Ogee An edge or molding having in profile (as seen in Oct. 29, 2019, 8:56 p.m. Ontology The branch of philosophy that studies the nature of being, Oct. 29, 2019, 8:56 p.m. 61, Chopin seems to use ritenuto and rallentando pretty much the way you describe, Joy. 0000009724 00000 n Could you observe air-drag on an ISS spacewalk? I made a note that a ritardando would work until I read your description, Joy. 0000095532 00000 n To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. It's a site that collects all the most frequently asked questions and answers, so you don't have to spend hours on searching anywhere else. A caesura marking indicates a break or stop in playing. is sometimes used for ritenuto; ritenuto is often abbreviated to riten. You start to slow hoping that they will change to green, change down a gear..still slowlng, holding back, then, just as you get to them they change allowing you to resume your speed again.. Accelerando (accel.) Often used in conjunction with "da capo" or "dal segno" A rapid, repeated alteration of volume (as on an electronic instrument); This page was last edited on 7 January 2023, at 19:31. Then the final fortissimo chord would be a release of built up tension, not just a rhetorical flourish. i see this appear in one sheet music for one song. I wonder if it is over-editing to include both a rit. in the measure prior to the coda and a rall. at the coda. Adagio Then, keep going! Thank you, Joy. Music: Practice & Theory Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for musicians, students, and enthusiasts. An instruction to string players to pluck the strings, rather than bow I have been working on The Palms with my voice teacher. (2009). After all, theyare two different words in the Italian language. In other words, at the start of the quietly buzzing trill in the bass the music supposed to sound like its holding back the tempo, at least for the first two measures. But avoid Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. 0000031480 00000 n feels like it decelerating at the rate that a snowball rolling down a hill accelerates by Its the feel of a train barreling down the tracks coming to a screeching halt because a kitten is on the tracks. is almost always ritardando. To get this all confirmed, I suppose wed need a native Italian speaker. Rallentando (also abbreviated to rall or rallent) means a gradual slowing down. Unis. Rallentando a gradual slowing down (abbreviation: rall.) Ive heard rallentando to mean slowing @ the end, but with discernible increase in sound *volume* during same time frame! Rallentando Musical Term Definition Activities Hobbies (rall.) Then I plugged the Italian verb ritenuto into that handy dandy online translator, and found this: Ritenuto: to believe, to consider, to retain, to feel, to consider oneself.. . 0000043336 00000 n list. The purpose of first and second endings is to optimize space. There's also Ritenuto, which means a sudden change of tempo. When you see ritardando in music, it might be written in full, or abbreviated like rit. 0000122361 00000 n if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'dynamicmusicroom_com-leader-3','ezslot_13',119,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-dynamicmusicroom_com-leader-3-0');This marking usually means any tempo higher than 200 beats per minute. About the difference between ritenuto and rallentando however, I learned that (assuming rit. And composers have been making use of both words in their compositions for centuries. Andante at a walking pace (7377 BPM) Moderato moderately (8697 BPM) Allegretto moderately fast (98109 BPM) Allegro fast, quickly and bright (109132 BPM). Mind you there is another conundrum for us: Incalzando, Affrettando, Stringendo, Animando, Accellerando, and Animato its what makes musical interpretation such fun!! on or near (sul A = play entirely on the A string) The majority of musical terms are in Italian, so this page has quite a long This can be unambiguously unabbreviated to riten. So does Ritardando (ritard). In other words, the ritenuto could be showing that the music is not just supposed to lay down and fade away; theres supposed to be some feeling of tension, as if the triplet tempo is still pushing things from a distance. Its usually written in the next section after you slow or speed up. I cant tell if youre jumping to the defence of Joy, or if you honestly thought that it was important to set Ellen straight. Why does secondary surveillance radar use a different antenna design than primary radar? You'll see 'rit.' This can be short for either Ritardando or Ritenuto! if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'dynamicmusicroom_com-large-mobile-banner-2','ezslot_11',134,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-dynamicmusicroom_com-large-mobile-banner-2-0'); Without tempo, wed have no context for how fast or slow a piece of music was supposed to go. staccato (N r;C"QtS !g{OMvuUgwCv4:fVZC5?TJYVe0Opm65.;mJ4(xx@U'hdFl$MR-,E VDVG*+:jjG|CDRSJ&*H+ ;iAO\r\fpqJ|G+sS? Which seems to match what some others have saidthat Rall. Great discussion has been very informative, and helped me clarify my own thoughts about it. After the return of the opening material theres a 1 1/2 measure rallentando leading to a poignant f2, after which the music moves to the (a tempo primo) agitated sextuplet figure that builds to the pieces peroration. When it truly starts, it has a smooth descend to 123 bpm during the first bar, continuing down to 104 during the last. How To Clean A Trombone (Learn The Right Way). your writing is very engaging and efficient. The SpongeBob SquarePants episodes "Mid-Life Crustacean" and "Kwarantined Krab," have been removed from digital streaming services like Paramount+ and Amazon Prime, as reported by IGN. Continue with Recommended Cookies, I love music, and Im weird in that I love sight-reading, but I know there are a lot of terms out there most people wont recognize right off the bat. prima volta = first time; tempo primo = revert to The abbreviation is rall. I had always considered rallentando to be a more dramatic slowing than ritardando, basically a greater slowing over the same period of time. 0000006176 00000 n I am a first soprano and the phrase Praise Him who cometh to bring us salvation if taken too fast was a real tongue twister for me to keep the pitch and get the words out. Indefinite article before noun starting with "the". xref This is why all my lesson students have this little pocket dictionary. Whats that all about? And this post has explained that admirably. Ever wonder about the difference betweenrallentando and ritardando? a really good combination! You will often find a tempo written at the beginning of a piece of music at the top left, right at your first measure. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. This looks a lot like a place where a ritenuto would work well, so perhaps Chopin simply isnt always consistent in making a distinction between the two terms. and French. Words for gradual changes can be extended with dashes to indicate the duration of the change, for example "rit. A devoted teacher and lifelong learner, she teaches students of all ages at her independent piano studio near Ann Arbor, Michigan. 2) In his transcription for piano of Wagners O du mein holder Abendstern, five measures before the end, he indicates a morendo in the bass line only. The terms instruct the performer to use a certain playing technique in order to produce the desired sound. LOL. I just retired from 48 years of teaching German. my Amazon wishlist. In other online sites and the difference between two frets are amazing tutorials, music term virtuosic playing. Thats an interesting question. Two examples: 1) In his Hungarian Rhaphsody #2, seven measures prior to the Vivace section has a rallentando followed three measures later by a morendo. A third section could be marked with Tempo Primo, and it would tell you to go back to the first sections tempo. Also used to confirm that 8va is not I like your explanation, which is logical. Manage Settings Accelerando means to accelerate or gradually increase the tempo or speed of the music. Instead of trying to second guess what a dead composer might have meant we want to know what is the generally accepted difference between the words. 0 lk abbreviates ritardando which means "retarding". 0000002542 00000 n One is allowing the forward motion to ease up, the other is causing the forward motion to come to a stop. 0000007308 00000 n So does Ritardando (ritard). 95% of the time, youll see this marking after the tempo slows down. Anyway, Im the protagonist at my pub gig, on a Glasgow Friday-night (Scotland) and I dont need a fade-out for this wonderful song. Think of it as a sudden pause. Unfortunately for you, your rebuttal consists mostly of Ellen is wrong and the Beatles are overrated both of which are just your Opinion. What does poco rall mean Answerscom Italian Musical Terms Music. I want to be clear, and I also want to be as brief as I can. Anyway, thats my two cents. rev2023.1.17.43168. Sometimes, the special musical meanings of these phrases differ from the original or current Italian meanings. Listed below are some examples of dynamics in music. Ritenuto is often used to indicate an immediately slower tempo for a specific section rather than a slowing tempo. and Ger., respectively. Can I (an EU citizen) live in the US if I marry a US citizen? So if Im writing a section that has the tempo of an andante but a solemn feel, Ill mark it andante quasi adagio. Your email address will not be published. Zach VanderGraaff is a K-5 music teacher in Michigan with 12 years of experience. How to pass duration to lilypond function, How to make chocolate safe for Keidran? Music Thesaurus Spindrift Thesaurus of Musical Terms. Samuel Barber, who spent a lot of time in Italy due to his relationship with Menotti, certainly uses it this way. Getting gradually faster Rallentando (rall.). Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Report Content | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. By comparison, many marches are played at around half the speed of what prestissimo is usually played at (120 BPM for marches and 200+ BPM for prestissimo). A tempoalways refers to short changes. And at the end of the piece, where the triplets stop there is a final ritenuto. At the end of the piece, I sense a ritardando prior to a two-measure coda. Toggle some bits and get an actual square. Interesting that most people on the web seem to disagree. Ritardando is simply gradual slowing. Ritardando seems to be a deliberate slowing or being late, while rallentando seems to be more of a letting go or dying away. Press the L key and the lines menu comes up, notice in the upper left corner is the word All click on that and a menu drops down that allows you to narrow down your choice of lines. sometimes replaces allargando. 0000015867 00000 n there is no difference between. As a composer, the drama of music seems to be about tension and release. New post: How to Organize Your Games for Piano Les, Just published a list of my favorite reads from 20, Jam session! Select Rit and Accel choose the box marked Rit which is the word rit with a dashed line. A direction that a particular part has nothing to play in a section I would take this to mean that the performer is slowing down as if to think for a moment and consider something, or perhaps even lose his/her train of thoughtand then at the a tempo, it is as if the performers mind is brought back to the present and continues telling the story. Answer (1 of 5): The term "rall" on a score means "rallentando" which is Italian for "slow down", and "molto" means "much" or "a lot". Damn Phil. thx. 0000003669 00000 n For me, the key is in sound of their third letters. However, I would still like to think there is some slight difference in meaning or emphasis between the two words. List of dynamic changes. A direction for a singer to sing in a conversational style. I became curious as to the difference in rall. There is a difference. so want to get a better understanding of this. Triple Piano (ppp) - An extremely quiet tone. To differentiate, diminuendo simply means to grow softer, while morendo means to die away, in other words virtually to nothing. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Color In My Piano is proud to be ad-free! Means. So "molto rall" indicates the tempo should slow down a lot - it signifies a really noticeable transition from something with a fairly quick tempo, to something th. staccato: play the note slightly shorter: sul : on or near (sul A = play entirely on the A string)- or ten. I appreciated the explanations; it seems to confirm my thoughts on ritard which I felt was used to deliberately slow the tempo in order to signal the end of the work (as in choral works, such as church hymns) or, maybe, to provide more contrast with the phrase at the close of the work. Pianissimo (pp) - An ever quieter and softer tone than the "p". Vivace In his Polonaise Fantasie, op. Thanks for your blog! A tempo is used after some variation in the tempo, and means return to the original tempo or speed. A rapid, measured or unmeasured repetition of the same note. 0000159060 00000 n Maybe check in a notation software manual.
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